Bearbeiten von „Spieldesign - Neo-Feudal system“

== Feudal hierarchy ==
=== Emperor ===

Controls multiple star systems.

To proclaim yourself an Emperor, you have to be the sovereign (King) of at least two star systems. There is a social pressure to do so, in fact. You don't automatically lose your Emperor title when you're down to just one star system, but those who conquer the last one from you can strip you off it by force.

=== King ===

Controls a star system.

To proclaim yourself a King, you have to be the sovereign (Duke) of at least half of the habitable planets of the star system if there is no other King of that system, else at least two-thirds of the star system if there is one, to wrestle control from him.

=== Duke ===

Controls a habitable planet (+ territories subordinate to that)

=== Baron ===

Controls a planetoid or major asteroid, a habitable planet's moon or a habitable planet's state

== Religion ==

(TBD)

== Solar systems ==

=== Interstellar ===
Planetary systems - as well as everything on that scale in the game - are positioned to a precision of 0.001 ly (63.240 AU) and treated as stationary for the course of the game. A jump into the system happens inside this precision's limits. Major planets are assumed to be all inside these limits (and thus the max distance from the baricentre should not exceed 63.240 AU, but there's no check to prevent that).

Comparison of the solar system:
* Outermost planet (Neptune): 30.332-29.810 AU
* Outermost planetoid (Sedna): 937-76 AU (0.015-0.001 ly)
* inner doughnut-shaped (Hills) Oort cloud 2k-20k AU (0.032-0.316 ly), outer (spherical) Oort cloud 20k-50k AU (0.316-0.791 ly).

=== Interplanetary ===

Inside a system, stars, planets, planetoids, asteroids, moons and so on have distances measured to the precision of 0.001 AU (=about 150 Mm). The first four all orbit the barycentre of the system itself, moons orbit the barycentre of their ''planetary'' system. The distances are all mean distances (for now).

Objects outside of 63.240 AU mean radius should be avoided.

Moons should have a diameter of at least 200 km (100km radius) or a mass of at least 0.01 Yg.

Binary systems count as two separate areas.

==== Stellar effective temperature table ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|+ Reference temperature for main sequence stars in K
! &nbsp;
! colspan="10" | Temperature bracket
|-
! || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9
|-
| '''O''' || 60000 || 55000 || 52000 || 48000 || 45000 || 42000 || 39000 || 36000 || 33000 || 30000
|-
| '''B''' || 27000 || 24000 || 20000 || 17000 || 14500 || 12500 || 11700 || 11100 || 10600 || 10200
|-
| '''A''' || 9800 || 9500 || 9200 || 8900 || 8700 || 8500 || 8300 || 8100 || 7900 || 7700
|-
| '''F''' || 7500 || 7300 || 7100 || 6900 ||6700 || 6500 || 6400 || 6300 || 6200 || 6100
|-
| '''G''' || 6000 || 5900 || 5800 || 5700 || 5600 || 5500 || 5400|| 5350 || 5300 || 5250 
|-
| '''K''' || 5200 || 5100 || 5000 || 4900 || 4800 || 4650 || 4500 || 4300 || 4100 || 3900
|-
| '''M''' || 3700 || 3550 || 3400 || 3250 || 3100 || 2950 || 2800 || 2650 || 2500 || 2400
|-
| '''L''' || 2300 || 2200 || 2100 || 2000 || 1900 || 1800 || 1700 || 1600 || 1500 || 1400
|-
| '''T''' || 1300 || 1200 || 1100 || 1000 || 900 || 800 || 700 || 650 || 600 || 550
|-
| '''Y''' || 500 || 450 || 400 || 470 || 440 || 410 || 380 || 360 || 340 || 320
|}

==== Generation details ====

The generation starts with the main star and proceeds from the most massive to the least massive main planet, then through their moons and minor planets.

Minimum distance to the star depends on star type (and thus radius). Since planets can migrate around as the star ages, the generation typically considers the ''current'' star size only, not what it looked like in the past. Biggest star known is VY Canis Majoris [M3] at about 6.1 AU radius.

Stellar class and radius/density table. The radius can vary up to 20% in either direction (= for the generation, make that a Normal distribution with sigma=10%). The mass and radius are nearly linear: Radios is proportional to Mass<sup>0.78</sup> respective the Mass to Radius<sup>1.282</sup>. This only breaks down for the smallest stars, but we can ignore that. Mass can also vary by up to 30% (sigma=15% Normal distribution) after calculating the average one. Temperature depends solely on the star type.

Luminosity can be calculated from the radius and temperature by the Stefan-Boltzmann law: 

:''L'' = 4πσ''R''<sup>2</sup>''T<sub>eff</sub>''<sup>4</sup>

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|+ Table of main-sequence stellar parameters
|- style="background:#ffc;"
!rowspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"|Stellar classification|Stellar<br />Class
!colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"|Radius
!style="font-size: smaller;"|Example Density
!colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"|Example Mass
!colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;"|Calculated Mass
!style="font-size: smaller;"|Luminosity
!style="font-size: smaller;"|Temperature
!rowspan="2"|Examples
|- style="background:#ffe;"
|R/R<sub>☉</sub>
|R (AU)
|kg/m<sup>3</sup>
|M/M<sub>☉</sub>
|M (Yg)
|M/M<sub>☉</sub>
|M (Yg)
|L/L<sub>☉</sub>
|K
|-
| O6 || 18   || 0.084 || 110 || 40 
|style="text-align: right;"|79 600 000 000 || 40.7 || - || 500,000 || 38,000
|style="text-align: left;"|θ<sup>1</sup> Orionis C
|-
| B0 || 7.4  || 0.034 || 62.5 || 18  
|style="text-align: right;"|35 800 000 000 ||13.0 || - || 20,000  || 30,000
|style="text-align: left;"|Phi<sup>1</sup> Orionis
|-
| B5 || 3.8  || 0.018 || 167 || 6.5 
|style="text-align: right;"|12 900 000 000 || 5.54 || - || 800     || 16,400
|style="text-align: left;"|Pi Andromedae A
|-
| A0 || 2.5  || 0.012 || 288 || 3.2 
|style="text-align: right;"|6 390 000 000 || 3.24 || - || 80      || 10,800
|style="text-align: left;"|Alpha Coronae Borealis A
|-
| A5 || 1.7  || 0.008 || 602 || 2.1 
|style="text-align: right;"|4 180 000 000 || 1.97 || - || 20      || 8,620
|style="text-align: left;"|Beta Pictoris
|-
| F0 || 1.3  || 0.006 || 1090 || 1.7 
|style="text-align: right;"|3 380 000 000 || 1.40 || - || 6       || 7,240
|style="text-align: left;"|Gamma Virginis
|-
| F5 || 1.2  || 0.006 || 1060 || 1.3 
|style="text-align: right;"|2 590 000 000 || 1.26 || - || 2.5     || 6,540
|style="text-align: left;"|Eta Arietis
|-
| G0 || 1.05 || 0.005 || 1340 || 1.10 
|style="text-align: right;"|2 190 000 000 || 1.06 || - || 1.26    || 5,920
|style="text-align: left;"|Beta Comae Berenices
|-
| G2 || 1.00 || 0.005 || 1400 || 1.00 
|style="text-align: right;"|1 990 000 000 || 1.00 || - || 1.00    || 5,780
|style="text-align: left;"|Sol
|-
| G5 || 0.93 || 0.004 || 1630 || 0.93 
|style="text-align: right;"|1 850 000 000 || 0.91 || - || 0.79    || 5,610
|style="text-align: left;"|Alpha Mensae
|-
| K0 || 0.85 || 0.004 || 1790 || 0.78 
|style="text-align: right;"|1 550 000 000 || 0.81 || - || 0.40    || 5,240
|style="text-align: left;"|70 Ophiuchi A
|-
| K5 || 0.74 || 0.003 || 2400 || 0.69 
|style="text-align: right;"|1 370 000 000 || 0.68 || - || 0.16    || 4,410
|style="text-align: left;"|61 Cygni A
|-
| M0 || 0.63 || 0.003 || 2650 || 0.47 
|style="text-align: right;"|935 000 000 || 0.55 || - || 0.063   || 3,920
|style="text-align: left;"|Gliese 185
|-
| M5 || 0.32 || 0.001 || 9020 || 0.21
|style="text-align: right;"|418 000 000 || 0.232 || - || 0.0079  || 3,120
|style="text-align: left;"|EZ Aquarii
|-
| M8 || 0.13 || 0.001 || 64100 || 0.10 
|style="text-align: right;"|199 000 000 || 0.073 || - || 0.0008  || 2,660
|style="text-align: left;"|Van Biesbroeck's star
|}

TODO: Star generation charts, Giant stars generation.

Second step is to generate the planets. Their maximum mass depends on the mass of the main star. It can never be more than 1/25th of the star mass (... or else we'll run into problems with L4/L5 zones being unstable), but that limit is only relevant to very small stars. Their amount also varies by the star size. Suggested average amounts:

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|+ Table of main-sequence planet numbers
|-
!style="font-size: smaller;"|Classification
!style="font-size: smaller;"|Average major planets
!style="font-size: smaller;"|Sigma
|-
| O || 15 || 6
|-
| B || 12 || 5
|-
| A || 10 || 4.5
|-
| F || 8 || 4
|-
| G || 7 || 3
|-
| K || 6 || 2.5
|-
| M || 5 || 2
|}

The position of the planets can be nearly random, since "Hot Jupiters" exist due to how planets can wander around the star system before settling in orbits. The limits are:

* The distance from the star to the nearest planet needs to be bigger than the sun's radius + L1 point distance/Hill's sphere's radius of R<sub>H</sub> (semi-major axis) x ((planet's mass) / (3 x (star's mass)))<sup>1/3</sup>.
** This check is done after the planet generation
** The check also determines the distance given a specific eccentricity ''e'' with the distance to check being made against the pericentre of (1-''e'') x (semi-major axis)
* Once a planet is created, the Hill's distance is recorded. No planetoid can lie within up to ''5x'' this distance in both directions. Planets should have even exclusion bigger radii (10x?) with exceptions made for common non-destructive resonance bands like 3x2, 5x2, 5x3, 7x2, 7x3, 7x5 and similar.
* The planet's moons can at most lie within the radius of its sphere of influence: (semi-major axis) x ((planet's mass) / (star's mass))<sup>2/5</sup>

References:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere_of_influence_%28astrodynamics%29
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsis
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point

Example of the solar system (in AU)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
|-
! &nbsp; || Sun || -> || <- || Mercury || -> || <- || Venus || -> || <- || Terra || -> || <- || Mars || -> || (Ceres) ||  <- || Jupiter || -> || <- || Saturn || -> || <- || Uranus || -> || <- || Neptune || -> || (2002-XW93)
|-
| HSR || || || || 0.00148 || || || 0.00674 || || || 0.01001 || || || 0.00724 || || || || 0.34697 || || || 0.42881 || || || 0.46494 || || || 0.77035 || || 
|-
| Distance in HSR || || || 261.5x || || 218.3x || 49.9x || || 41.1x || 27.7x || || 52.3x || 72.4x || || 171.5x || || 7.0x || || 12.5x || 10.1x || || 22.5x || 20.8x || || 23.4x || 14.1x || || 9.8x
|-
| 2xHSR || || (0.005) || 0.384 || || 0.390 || 0.710 || || 0.736 || 0.980 || || 0.1020 || 1.510 || || 1.538 || (2.766) || 4.504 || || 5.892 || 8.679 || || 10.397 || 16.866 || || 20.121 || 28.528 || || 31.610 || (37.645)
|-
| 5xHSR || || (0.005) || 0.380 || || 0.394 || 0.689 || || 0.757 || 0.950 || || 0.1050 || 1.488 || || 1.560 || (2.766) || 3.463 || || 6.933 || 7.393|| || 11.681 || 18.261 || || 23.841 || 26.217 || || 33.921 || (37.645)
|}

TODO: Check values, might need a bigger exclusion radius.

=== System examples ===
==== Solar system ====
1 star, 8 planets, 41 planetoids (one double system), 23 major moons
* 0.005 AU Sol [Star, G2V]
* 0.387 AU Mercury [Planet]
* 0.723 AU Venus [Planet]
* 1.000 AU Terra [Planet]
** 0.002 AU Luna [Moon]
* 1.524 AU Mars [Planet]
* 2.766 AU Ceres [Planetoid]
* 5.198 AU Jupiter [Planet]
** 0.001 AU Amalthea [Moon]
** 0.003 AU Io [Moon]
** 0.004 AU Europe [Moon]
** 0.007 AU Ganymede [Moon]
** 0.013 AU Callisto [Moon]
* 9.537 AU Saturn [Planet]
** 0.001 AU Mimas [Moon]
** 0.002 AU Enceladus [Moon]
** 0.002 AU Tethys [Moon]
** 0.003 AU Dione [Moon]
** 0.004 AU Rhea [Moon]
** 0.008 AU Titan [Moon]
** 0.010 AU Hyperion [Moon]
** 0.024 AU Iapetus [Moon]
** 0.086 AU Phoebe [Moon]
* 19.191 AU Uranus [Planet]
** 0.001 AU Miranda [Moon]
** 0.001 AU Ariel [Moon]
** 0.002 AU Umbriel [Moon]
** 0.003 AU Titania [Moon]
** 0.004 AU Oberon [Moon]
* 30.069 AU Neptune [Planet]
** 0.001 AU Proteus [Moon]
** 0.002 AU Triton [Moon]
** 0.037 AU Nereid [Moon]
* 37.645 AU 2002-XW93 [Planetoid]
* 38.743 AU 2004-TY364 [Planetoid]
* 39.266 AU 2003-VS2 [Planetoid]
* 39.290 AU 2003-UZ413 [Planetoid]
* 39.330 AU 2002-XV93 [Planetoid]
* 39.406 AU 2003-AZ84 [Planetoid]
* 39.419 AU Orcus [Planetoid]
* 39.482 AU Pluto-Charon [Planetoid binary]
* 39.565 AU 2007-JH43 [Planetoid]
* 39.680 AU Ixion [Planetoid]
* 41.589 AU 2005-RN43 [Planetoid]
* 41.930 AU 2002-MS4 [Planetoid]
* 41.934 AU 2004-GV9 [Planetoid]
* 42.190 AU Salacia [Planetoid]
* 42.869 AU 2002-UX25 [Planetoid]
* 43.130 AU Varuna [Planetoid]
* 43.280 AU 2010-VK201 [Planetoid]
* 43.310 AU 2005-UQ513 [Planetoid]
* 43.335 AU Haumea [Planetoid]
* 43.600 AU Quaoar [Planetoid]
* 43.657 AU 2004-NT33 [Planetoid]
* 45.000 AU 2010-KZ39 [Planetoid]
* 45.792 AU Makemake [Planetoid]
* 45.599 AU Chaos [Planetoid]
* 45.697 AU 2014-UM33 [Planetoid]
* 45.953 AU Varda [Planetoid]
* 46.690 AU 2010-FX86 [Planetoid]
* 46.980 AU 2004-XA192 [Planetoid]
* 47.284 AU 2002-AW197 [Planetoid]
* 47.783 AU 2005-RS43 [Planetoid]
* 47.820 AU 2007-JJ43 [Planetoid]
* 48.300 AU 2013-FZ27 [Planetoid]
* 49.620 AU 2010-RF43 [Planetoid]
* 49.871 AU 2003-QX113 [Planetoid]
* 51.431 AU 2001-UR163 [Planetoid]
* 55.535 AU 2002-TC302 [Planetoid]
* 57.740 AU 2004-XR190 [Planetoid]
* 59.100 AU 2013-FY27 [Planetoid]
* 62.100 AU 2010-RE64 [Planetoid]

==== Gliese 876 ====
* 0.000 AU Gliese 876 [Star, M4V]
* 0.021 AU Gliese 876 d [Planet]
* 0.130 AU Gliese 876 c [Planet]
* 0.208 AU Gliese 876 b [Planet]
* 0.334 AU Gliese 876 e [Planet]
==== 82 G. Eridani ====
* 0.000 AU 82 G. Eridani [Star, G8V]
* 0.121 AU 82 G. Eridani b [Planet]
* 0.204 AU 82 G. Eridani c [Planet]
* 0.350 AU 82 G. Eridani d [Planet]
==== Gliese 581 ====
* 0.000 AU Gliese 581 [Star, M3V]
* 0.028 AU Gliese 581 e [Planet]
* 0.041 AU Gliese 581 b [Planet]
* 0.072 AU Gliese 581 c [Planet]
==== Gliese 667 C ====
* 0.000 AU Gliese 667 C [Star, M1.5]
* 0.050 AU Gliese 667 Cb [Planet]
* 0.125 AU Gliese 667 Cc [Planet]
==== 61 Virginis ====
* 0.000 AU 61 Virginis [Star, G7V]
* 0.050 AU 61 Virginis b [Planet]
* 0.218 AU 61 Virginis c [Planet]
* 0.576 AU 61 Virginis d [Planet]